By Ben Harmon
On July 3rd, 1967 the first 1 oz Krugerrand rolled through the presses in the South African Mint. This was not the beginning of the Gold Krugerrand, however- nor were the careful planning meetings of the Chamber of Mines of South Africa (who interestingly enough can trace its roots back to 1889) which lead to its creation.
Witwatersrand, South Africa or the "ridge of white waters" in Afrikaans, is truly where Gold Krugerrand history starts. These mineral rich hills run east to west near Johannesburg for over sixty miles. They produce many minerals including uranium- and in 1884 the first gold discovery was made. The president of the Transvaal at that time was Paul Kruger, who knew that the gold discovery would forever change the face of South Africa. As he predicted, the rich gold find brought in many foreign miners looking to make their fortune. As more and more foreigners entered, they eventually began to outnumber the Boers, and their protests for their rights lead to increasing levels of conflict. Underlying this concern for their rights, was the British desire to control gold rights.
The second Boer war started in 1899 with ultimatums from the British demanding equal rights for the uitlanders (foreigners), and Kruger's response for the British to be out of Transvaal in 48 hours. After three bloody years, the war ended in 1902 and Transvaal was absorbed into the British empire- with some concessions to the Boers.
Now that the drums of war were silent, the next milestone in the timeline of Krugerrand history was the creation of the of a centralized refinery. The Transvaal Chamber of Mines created the Rand Refinery in 1920 with the express goal to refine all the gold mined in Witwatersrand. To this day, the blank every South African Gold Krugerrand is stamped on comes from the Rand refinery.
Now to assemble the essential elements of a One Ounce Krugerrand. First on the reverse side of the coin, we have a Springbok antelope, designed by Coert Steynberg. The antelope symbolizes South Africa. Next the Krugerrand honors the 5th President of the South African Republic, Paul Kruger with a picture on the obverse. Finally, the name itself is derived by adding Kruger's name to the national currency- the Rand. And where did the Rand come from? Witwatersrand of course.
With Executive Order 6102 and the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, United States citizens were effectively barred from owning gold bullion. In 1967 the Chamber of Mines of South Africa had a clever plan for their fledgling 1 oz Gold Krugerrand. By declaring the coin legal tender of South Africa, it was classified as "foreign coin", and US citizens could buy it. They also had another trick up their sleeve, instead of putting a value on it- they put the weight of the gold bullion on the coin. This allowed a quick and easy method to trade gold bullion without the need to melt and assay its gold content. This also tied the value of the Krugerrand directly to the underlying gold value. It's interesting to note that Krugerrands are not 24 carat gold- they are alloyed with copper which gives them their dark golden color and adds strength. Rest assured however, that they do contain one full ounce of gold bullion. Until apartheid was abolished in the middle of the 1990s, it was still illegal to import Krugers in western countries. In spite of this the Kruger was still a commercial success. Forty-six million ounces later, it is remains the world's most popular bullion investment coin. The 1 oz Gold Krugerrand history leads from the rolling hills to the highest political offices, and beyond. - 23309
About the Author:
Would you like to see today's current value of a krugerrand? Maybe it is time for you to own that piece of history, a 1 oz Krugerrand.
By Chris Blanchet
Many investors who are just learning technical analysis will make short-term investment decisions based on reliable, longer-term patterns such as the head and shoulders top discussed elsewhere in this series. The difficulty with such a strategy is that short-term trades based on long-term patterns will typically not yield the desired gains.
The inside bar pattern is one such pattern from which investors can take short-term cues. This pattern indicates a possible change in investor sentiment in the short-term. In other words, if the overall trend has been heading down, the inside bar often indicates a reversal in that trend.
Spotting an Inside Bar
Investors who are just learning technical analysis might have a tough time identifying the inside bar. Explained (our website has a diagram), the inside bar pattern consists of a taller bar (wide trading range) followed by a shorter bar (tighter trading range). The shorter bar will fall within the same range as the preceding bar.
Confirm The Pattern
When it comes to using the inside bar to commit to a trade, investors should seek additional confirmation through additional analysis. This step is often overlooked when investors start learning technical analysis. Other analysis includes fundamental data for the security, sector and market, as well as technical data such as support and resistance levels and momentum.
When it comes to analyzing the inside bar pattern, investors will achieve better trading results from this pattern when the inbound trend is steeper. Additionally, investors will want the first bar to be longer, which suggests the inbound momentum has climaxed. As for the second bar, the narrower the better as this indicates that the reversal will be more dramatic.
Lastly, investors should notice that volume on the smaller bar is lighter. This suggests a more balanced trading activity.
When it comes to learning technical analysis, investors should remember that there are many other indicators that need to confirm their trade decisions. As well, there are plenty of specialized software programs available to make simple buy and sell recommendations. - 23309
About the Author:
Chris Blanchet has been a Financial Advisor for more than 16 years. For investors looking to learn technical analysis for free, Chris offers a free e-course at Online Trader Today.com. His personal debt-free blog can be found at How To Repay Debt.com.
